Ekorna invites you to a journey through the architecturally rich streets of Ljubljana, illuminated by the legacy of Joze Plecnik, a mastermind whose creations have recently been honored with a place on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Delve deep into the architecture of Joze Plecnik in Ljubljana and explore the transformative impact of his designs in Slovenia’s capital. Plecnik’s works are not just visually stunning; they are a harmonious blend of innovation and tradition, now recognized globally for their cultural significance.
But his genius was not confined to Ljubljana alone; he also left a profound architectural footprint in cities like Prague, showcasing his versatile design ethos. From the iconic National and University Library to the serene confines of the Žale cemetery, and extending to his notable works in Prague, this post delves into the world of Jože Plečnik’s architecture, celebrating his unique contributions to the urban landscapes. Join us in unraveling the story of a man whose architectural legacy continues to awe and inspire across borders.
Marvel at the architecture
of Joze Plecnik in Ljubljana
Looking for a way to explore the architecture of Joze Plecnik in Ljubljana and other places in Slovenia? As a local travel agency, we can organize guided tours or self-guided trips which include the architectural marvels of this great master. Contact our friendly agents for more information.
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Did you know, that in 2021, Plecnik’s selected works in Ljubljana were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site? This comprehended list can be easily included into a guided tour of the Slovenia’s capital, as most of them can be found in its historic center.
CENTRAL MARKETPLACE
The Ljubljana Central Market, a remarkable creation by Joze Plecnik, reflects the masterful blending of architecture and public space. Designed between 1931 and 1939, it stretches from the Triple Bridge to the Dragon Bridge along the Ljubljanica River’s right bank. This market area was constructed after an earthquake in 1895 destroyed an old monastery, opening space at Vodnik Square where a new outdoor market was laid out.
Influenced by Renaissance architecture, the market features a two-story hall mirroring the river’s curve. The river-facing side boasts large semi-circular windows, while the street side is defined by a colonnade. The design incorporates two open-columned loggias, offering views of the river, and the roof is adorned with concrete tiles. This marketplace is not just a center for trade; it’s a symbol of Ljubljana’s communal spirit and architectural heritage.
BANKS OF LJUBLJANICA RIVER
Joze Plecnik’s jaw-dropping work on the embankments of the Ljubljanica River and its numerous bridges showcases his innovative approach. The most famous example is of course the iconic Triple Bridge, but you will be equally impressed by the Cobblers’ Bridge which is usually full of street performers. True Plecnik lovers should also walk across the Trnovo Bridge, decorated with pyramids.
Plecnik’s original concept was to entirely enclose the river, but he later decided to create embankments and bridges to manage the river flow. Plecnik reinforced the river banks with stone, forming small terraces. He also elegantly integrated nature into this urban setting by planting weeping willows along the river, creating a lush, green promenade through the city’s center. Furthermore, to regulate the river’s water level, Plecnik constructed a sluice gate adorned with ornamental elements inspired by ancient art, demonstrating his ability to blend different cultural influences into his work.
VEGOVA STREET
Between 1929 and 1937, Joze Plecnik transformed Vegova Street into a cultural promenade, a serene and thoughtfully designed urban space in the heart of Ljubljana. This unique area, nestled between the National and University Library and Congress Square, harmoniously blends nature with architectural elements. This signature street along with the surrounding buildings forms heart of the architecture of Joze Plecnik in Ljubljana and is included in virtually every guided tour of capital. You can hardly miss it.
Plečnik ingeniously utilized the remnants of old medieval moats, repurposing them as elevations for benches along the street. He also adorned the promenade with columns topped with busts of renowned musicians and linguists, creating an environment that encourages both relaxation and intellectual reflection. A perfect example of master’s talent for integrating natural landscapes with urban design.
ŽALE CEMENTERY
The Žale Cemetery is the largest cemetery not just in in Ljubljana, but the whole of Slovenia. It was built in 1906, but became too small for the growing city by the 1930s, so the local authorities commissioned its enlargement. However, the initial plans by Ivo Spinčič were rejected, and Plečnik stepped in with his solution, which was completed in 1942.
In the realm of the architecture of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana, the Žale Cemetery stands as a testament to his visionary design. This special architectural space is marked by a monumental entrance with a large arch, reminiscent of the Greek Acropolis, and features several funeral chapels, each inspired by different classical architectures. The grand entrance, with its massive colonnade, serves as a symbolic gateway between the realms of the living and the dead, showcasing Plečnik’s talent in blending traditional elements with his unique artistic vision. It is located a few kilometers from the city center, but our guides will be happy to include the sight into your Ljubljana itinerary if you wish so.
WHO IS JOZE PLECNIK?
Joze Plecnik was born on January 23, 1872, in Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia). Today he is known as a pivotal architect in shaping modern Ljubljana, but also leaving a mark on Vienna, Prague, and several other places in Europe. His work has often been likened to Antoni Gaudí‘s impact on Barcelona. However, some of his designs, such is the Butchers’ bridge, were realized many years after his death, and there are some, like the pyramided dome of the Parliament bulling, that are still pending.
Echoing his father’s path, Plecnik honed his skills in woodworking during his primary education, a craft that later served him well in Vienna as a designer and supervisor at a furniture company. During his teenage years, his aptitude in drafting led him from a vocational school to a technical school in Graz, where he met his mentor, Léopold Theyer. He furthered his studies under the renowned Viennese architect Otto Wagner, working in his office until 1900. His style, influenced by the Vienna Secession, Art Nouveau, Baroque traditions, Byzantine, and early 18th-century Viennese architecture, uniquely blended historical forms with modernism. He worked extensively in Vienna and Prague, notably on Prague Castle, and was a founding member of the Ljubljana School of Architecture.
ROMAN WALLS
Did you know, Ljubljana was funded as Emona by the ancient Romans? Its walls, constructed in 15 CE, were an engineering marvel, with a width of 2.4 meters and a height of 6 to 8 meters. This robust structure, featuring 26 towers and four main gates, was built from stone blocks and a sturdy mix of river materials. Remarkably, parts of these walls have endured for two millennia. In the 1930s, Plecnik led the transformative restoration which merged historical integrity with creative vision. He added a stone pyramid, extended walls, redesigned gates, a stone-covered vault, and a peaceful park.
ST. MICHAEL’S
A short drive south of Ljubljana, you can admire another fascinating work of Joze Plecnik – the uniquely gorgeous Church of St. Michael merging Greek temple features with elements of churches in the region of Karst. Due to marshy terrain, the building was constructed on piles. A distinctive stairway leads to a slim, multi-opening belfry, echoing the design of Plecnik’s National Library in the centre of Ljubljana. Inside, the church’s cost-effective yet elegant design, reminiscent of Japanese Shinto temples, uses concrete sewer pipes for pillars and wood from local villages, creating a warm atmosphere..
ST. FRANCIS’
Another jewel in the architecture of Joze Plecnik in Ljubljana can be found in the suburb of Siska. As its population outgrew the previous church in the early 20th century, Plecnik was tasked with designing a new one. His ideas for the iconic Church of St. Francis Assisi featured a striking edifice with a double tympanum above the entrance characterized by checkerboard-patterned fields. The interior, continuously refined by the architect throughout his life, is a testament to his enduring vision and is highly recommended for a visit. We can easily include it in your custom-made itinerary to Slovenia.
Crafting Elegance in Stone:
The Timeless Legacy of Joze Plecnik
PLECNIK’S HOUSE IN LJUBLJANA
A true fan of Joze Plecnik should also pay a visit to his residence in Ljubljana in the suburb of Trnovo where maestro designed most of his celebrated works. Acquired by his brother in 1915, Plecnik later tailored the house to his personal preferences, creatively using leftover materials from other projects for refurbishments and extensions, further imprinting his architectural signature on this iconic Ljubljana landmark. He expanded the property with a cylindrical annex and enhancements including a glassed porch and a conservatory.
The house is a true testament to the architecture of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana, a distinguished complex comprising two adjacent houses and a garden with a lapidary. This site encapsulates Plečnik’s architectural journey, housing his original furniture, library, drawing tools, personal items, and a comprehensive archive of his sketches, plans, photographs, and models. Nowadays, its a pleasant museum you can add to a list of sights you want to visit while travelling to Slovenia.
PLECNIK’S WORK OUTSIDE LJUBLJANA
Architecture of Jože Plečnik is not limited to Ljubljana and can be found throughout Slovenia and beyond. His works outside the capital city exemplify his versatility and profound influence on Slovenian architecture. Here is the list of the most impressive designs we can add to your personalized itinerary.
The Church of the Ascension of Our Lordin in Bogojina in the northeastern region of Prekmurje is a testament to Plečnik’s ability to blend ancient architecture and conservation. He skillfully preserved elements of its 14th-century predecessor and incorporated folk art, making it a quintessential example of his architectural ethos.
If you are visiting Maribor, the second largest city in Slovenia, you will probably cross the Slomšek Square. Plečnik designed the oval platform of this square with stone pillars and pyramidal oaks. Brought to life 30 years later by architect Branko Kocmut, the square stands as a significant urban development influenced by Plečnik.
In the historic town of Kranj, you can admire the elegant Plečnik’s Arcades conceived as a monumental entrance to the city. Other that that, you can also find master’s touch in other Kranj’s sights, such as the staircase and a well. These elements also grace the Preseren Theatre, demonstrating Plecnik’s influence in public spaces.
Plecnik’s design prowess also graced Celje, the city of counts, with the building of People’s Loan Bank. Today, as the Banka Celje bank, it continues to serve the financial community, standing as a monument to his architectural vision.
While visiting Bled, ask your guide to point out the beautiful Belvedere Pavilion. Originally a “waiting room” for audiences with King Alexander of Yugoslavia, and later used by President Tito, this pavilion near Vila Bled is now a charming cafeteria, offering stunning views over the lake and a rich historical backdrop.
He also designed buildings placed outside the urban centers. The chapel on Mt. Krvavec, now a popular skiing resort, is standing at 1700 meters above sea level and is therefore Plecnik’s highest altitude work. It is a site of worship and community gatherings, known for its fairs featuring homemade specialties. Similarly, the hunting lodge in Kamniška Bistrica, designed for King Aleksandar Karađorđević of Yugoslavia, is yet another example of Plecnik’s diverse architectural portfolio, catering to the needs of royal clientele.
MAESTRO’S WORK BEYOND SLOVENIA
Joze Plecnik’s architectural influence extends beyond the borders of Kingdom of Yugoslavia, showcasing his remarkable vision in several European cities. His work in Prague is particularly notable, where he played a pivotal role in the renovation of Prague Castle for Czechoslovak President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Plečnik’s work here, done in the 1920s and 1930s, transformed the castle into a modern, functional presidential residence while respecting its historical significance. His designs included new gardens, courtyards, staircases, and the renovation of old palaces within the castle complex, creating a harmonious blend of old and new.
Another iconic work by Plecnik located in Prague is the Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Our Lord. Built between 1929 and 1932, it commemorates the 1000th anniversary of Saint Wenceslas’s death. Recognized as a key 20th-century Czech religious construction, it boasts a 42-meter tower with the Czech Republic’s largest clock. The interior features a chapel with a wooden ceiling, a white marble altar, and a three-meter gilded Christ figure. The church, which lost its original bells during World War II, has been a national cultural monument since 2010.
In Vienna, Plečnik’s early work set the stage for his later achievements. The Zacherlhaus, an office building, is an exemplary showcase of his architectural prowess. Constructed during his Vienna period, it reflects his initial exploration into modern architecture, blending traditional elements with innovative design.
Plečnik’s influence in Prague and Vienna represents a broader European perspective, illustrating his versatility and the adaptability of his architectural language across different cultural contexts. His ability to harmonize the old with the new, and his attention to detail and function, made his work timeless and influential in shaping the urban landscapes of these historic cities. Plečnik’s architecture, thus, stands not just as a national treasure of Slovenia but also as a significant contribution to European architectural heritage.
As you can see, Joze Plecnik, a mastermind in architecture, significantly shaped not just his beloved Ljubljana, but also left a mark in Prague and Vienna. His designs, a harmonious blend of innovation and tradition, include structures of various shapes, sizes and pupusas. The legacy of this great architect, now a part of the UNESCO World Heritage List, is celebrated globally.
Join us on a group or private tour of Slovenia and explore not just his works, but other UNESCO-listed sites in this tiny country as well. We offer tailor-made trips across the whole Balkan peninsula, which means the itinerary can be completely adjusted to your wishes and interests – being natural attraction or architectural wonders.
explore Architecture of Joze Plecnik in Ljubljana & beyond
